CCNP—BGP

ADDRESS-FAMILY

en
conf t
    # 設定bgp process id
    router bgp 10

        # 設定BGP的RID,通常指定loopback ip
        bgp router-id 10.10.10.10

        # 設定鄰居是誰
        neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 10
        neighbor 192.168.2.1 remote-as 20

        # BGP走哪一個協議
        address-family ipv4 unicast

            # 設定鄰居啟用
            neighbor 192.168.1.1 activate
            neighbor 192.168.2.1 activate 

            # 本機有哪一些網段要參與BGP
            network 10.10.10.10 mask 255.255.255.255
            network 20.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.255

        end
wr

# 檢查bgp路由狀態
show ip bgp

# 檢查鄰居狀態
show ip bgp summary

# 檢查路由表
show ip route [bgp]

LEGACY-IPv4

en
conf t
    router bgp 10
        bgp router-id 10.10.10.10
        
        neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 10
        neightbor 192.168.2.1 remote-as 20
        network 10.10.10.10 mask 255.255.255.255
        network 20.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.255

    end
wr

The priority of BGP route selection

順序   屬性                                範圍 / 規則                                    說明
----   --------------------------------   ------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------
  1    Weight                              0 ~ 65535,越大越優先                          Cisco 專屬,本機屬性,不會傳遞
  2    Local Preference                    0 ~ 4,294,967,295,越大越優先                  AS 內有效,預設 100,影響整個 AS 出口路徑
  3    Locally Originated                  N/A                                          本機宣告(network / aggregate / redistribute)優先
  4    AS_PATH                             越短越優先                                     經過的 AS 少,通常更穩定
  5    Origin Type                         i > e > ?                                    i: IGP,e: 舊 EGP,?: Redistribute
  6    MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)      0 ~ 4,294,967,295,越小越優先                  只比較同 AS 來源,影響對方選擇進站路徑
  7    eBGP over iBGP                      eBGP 優先                                     偏好外部路徑(Hot Potato Routing)
  8    Lowest IGP metric to next-hop       越小越優先                                     比較 IGP 成本(非 AD),選擇最近出口
  9    Oldest Path                         最先建立的路徑優先                              防止相同屬性路由 flapping,穩定性考量
 10    Router ID (RID)                     越小越優先                                     如果仍平手,再比 Router ID
 11    Lowest Neighbor IP                  越小越優先                                     所有屬性相同時,最終平手決定